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The best natural remedies to relieve cold and flu symptoms
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- Natural medications can relieve cold and flu symptoms without unwanted side effects.
- Many natural medications also support your immune system, which can help you better fight viruses.
- Battling one virus makes you more susceptible to catching another, so swift treatment of a cold or flu is key.
With the chaos of the pandemic this year, it's easy to forget there's anything else to worry about other than COVID-19. But just like every winter, cold and flu season is here and it brings with it a unique situation: That all three viruses have similar symptoms — coughing, sneezing, congestion and sinus pressure (with a stuffy or runny nose), headache, general fatigue, aches and pains, and if it's the flu, a fever.
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These viruses (the common cold, influenza, and COVID-19) can all range in intensities, from mild sniffles to the need for a respirator in the ICU. A number of factors determine whether or not you'll get sick, as well as how sick you might get — and one of those, which we often overlook, is the state of your immune system.
"We don't fully understand why some individuals are more susceptible to infections and the various complications from viruses like COVID-19, influenza, or the common cold," said Sina Firouzi, MD, a board-certified physician with a background in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), based at One Medical in Orange County, CA. "However, supporting one's immune system may be one of the most beneficial ways to protect oneself if exposed."
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Any of these highly contagious winter viruses can significantly disrupt your day-to-day, so it's crucial to think ahead. Treating a viral infection isn't just about symptom relief but also about balancing your immune system so you can heal quickly and efficiently — and natural remedies can help.
Anyone who grew up in America is likely well acquainted with over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceutical treatments for the common cold and flu symptoms, like Dayquil, Mucinex, and Zicam. And let's be clear: Western medicine certainly has its benefit and place in symptom relief. But more people now turn to natural medications to avoid unwanted side effects and leverage the power of herbs and vitamins to support their immune system while providing symptom relief.
More importantly, natural medications do indeed work for easing the aches, pains, coughs, and running noses of cold and flu season.
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It should be said that because signs and symptoms of the common cold, influenza, and COVID-19 overlap so much, it's imperative you speak to your doctor if you're feeling "fluish" this season. While you can get OTC medications and supplements without a prescription or doctor's appointment, it's a good idea to be extremely cautious and confirm your symptoms aren't that of COVID-19 (and to confirm that natural medications won't interact with anything in your medical history).
Dr. Pooja Amy Shah, the medical reviewer for this piece, said this is especially true right now as trustworthy researchers at the University of Arizona found that anyone with the COVID-19 virus may want to avoid certain supplements due to their potential to stimulate an inflammatory response. Nothing on our list here includes ingredients researchers are concerned about (i.e. Elderberry, certain medicinal mushrooms, Echinacea Angustifolia, and others), but it's still important to talk with your doctor before taking any medication if you feel sick.
At the end of this guide, I go deeper into why you should consider natural cold and flu treatments, the debate over the effectiveness of natural medication, why immune support is important, what to look for in a natural cold and flu medication, and how I chose these natural cold and flu products.
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Here are the best natural cold-and-flu remedies:
- Cough suppressant: Live Better Manuka Honey Cough & Throat Syrup
- Sinus relief: Dr. Hana's Nasopure Nasal Wash System
- Sore throat relief: Life Extension Enhanced Zinc Lozenges
- Inflammation and pain relief: Pure Encapsulations Quercetin
- Multi-symptom relief: Fresh ginger tea
Updated on 2/24/2021 by Rachael Schultz: Updated COVID-19 and flu statistics and facts
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Cough suppressant
Live Better Manuka Honey Cough & Throat Syrup
Pros: Easily accessible, delicious
Cons: Moderately high on the glycemic index
Honey is the ideal natural swap for dextromethorphan, the active ingredient in most OTC cough syrups. A 2018 study out of Nigeria found that honey is likely just as effective at soothing a cough in children as dextromethorphan, with a 2017 study in Chest supporting the remedy specifically for an acute cough for the common cold.
Honey works to coat and soothe the back of the throat for longer than artificial cough syrup, and offers "its long-established antioxidant and antiviral effects," Habib Sadeghi, DO, founder of the integrative medical center, Be Hive of Healing, in Agoura Hills, CA, told Insider.
Pharmacist Maria Gil-Flores, PharmD, district leader at CVS added, "Honey contains many important antioxidants that may help protect the body from cell damage, and is often praised for its antibacterial and antiviral properties."
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Honey has been used as medicine for thousands of years, but be sure to check in with your doctor if you plan on using this in large amounts and for long periods of time. It also should not be given to children 12 months old or younger (it may contain a bacteria called clostridium that causes infant botulism).
Dr. Sadeghi suggests organic, local honey (i.e., something specific to your region), because the bees have infused it with local pollen, which may help your immune system's response to local allergens (there's not a body of clinical evidence supporting this yet, but this theory behind trace-exposure to allergens is starting to get more attention). Additionally, raw, local honey is unprocessed, which means it retains essential nutrients that may help your body heal.
For an over-the-counter option, Gil-Flores likes Live Better Manuka Honey Cough & Throat Syrup, which uses manuka honey as its main ingredient and remains affordable. "This syrup can work as a cough suppressant and may provide soothing comfort for the chest and throat."
The manuka syrup also contains olive leaf extract, which may help to regulate insulin and blood glucose for those concerned about the high natural sugar content of manuka honey. What's more, olive leaf extract may also be anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antibacterial — all things you want when you've got a cold or flu, when your body is inflamed and your immune system is already stressed and mid-fight.
We also ran this particular product by naturopathic doctor Megen McBride, Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (NMD), told Insider — verbatim — "Compared to dextromethorphan, this is angelic."
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Sinus relief
Dr. Hana's Nasopure Nasal Wash System
Pros: Inexpensive, effective, reusable, FDA-approved
Cons: Improper use can increase the risk of infection (this includes using tap water)
Stuffy congestion and inability to breathe out of your nose is one of the primary symptoms of both the common cold and influenza. Luckily, there's a very simple solution: sinus wash.
Using saltwater to treating allergies and sinus issues has long been used in ancient India to help remove mucus and reduce chronic inflammation, explained Dr. Sadeghi.
A 2018 study review out of the United Kingdom found that saline irrigation can help reduce congestion for folks with allergic rhinitis. Dr. Sadeghi also pointed to a study from the University of Michigan Health System, which shows that people who used nasal irrigation for sinus relief saw a 50% reduction in the frequency of symptoms compared to those who used a nasal spray.
As for cold and flu specifically, an older study from 2008, published in JAMA Otolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, looked at 400 children with a cold or the flu and found that a saltwater nasal flush not only improved their cold and flu symptoms, but also the kids needed fewer medications and missed less school compared to children who used medication alone.
Although the original neti pots (used with water and basic kosher salt) are definitely a viable option, Dr. Sadeghi recommended this more affordable alternative in the $10 range. Dr. Hana's Nasopure Kit is a well-reviewed choice, thanks to its ease-of-use, solid construction considering the price, and itch-and-burn-free rinse experience.
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Sore throat relief
Life Extension Enhanced Zinc Lozenges
Pros: Soothing, inexpensive, effective, may shorten your cold and lessen the intensity
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Cons: Missed opportunity to throw some honey in here
"Zinc is an essential nutrient that can help support the immune system of the body; we know that taking it as a supplement [when sick] can slightly reduce the duration of illness," said Dr. Firouzi. The mineral may help respiratory viruses from latching on and multiplying, he added.
There's also an evolving theory that zinc may help limit the degree of an inflammatory response your body has to an infection, he added. Inflammation, whether general or part of an immune response, can cause achiness, fatigue, and certain other symptoms that vary depending on your circumstances. Limiting inflammation could mean fewer aches and pains and more energy.
The scientific and clinical evidence around zinc is mixed, but studies on zinc lozenges, in particular, have shown potential promise for treating the common cold (both for shortening the duration of symptoms and alleviating pharyngeal symptoms).
Generally, adults need 8 to 11mg for optimal health. But when it comes to being sick, the jury is still out on how much zinc you need to support your immune system. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states, "Zinc promotes immune functions and helps people resist infectious diseases."
The upper limit for dosage (currently) is 40mg for adults. Too much zinc can result in vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches — so be mindful of how much you consume.
McBride agreed, adding that she uses this mineral as an immunity balance for her patients. Gil-Flores recommended it as well: "Zinc is a vital mineral for the body that can help with immune system function," she said, and though she noted you can obtain zinc via your diet (in meat, legumes, shellfish, and dairy), if you don't eat these foods often, you can also get it in supplement form.
Zinc is also quite common in lozenge-form, which can be soothing when you have a sore throat. Life Extension Enhanced Zinc Lozenges have zinc acetate in a heftier dose than most other lozenges (18.75mg), which is nice for relief from a single lozenge, but you want to make sure to cap your daily intake at two, maybe three if okayed by your doctor. For reference, clinical trials that are currently underway (looking at zinc's role in COVID-19 prevention) are using 50mg of zinc daily, which is above the National Institute of Health's upper limit of 40mg.
The other ingredients in Life Extension's lozenges include peppermint flavor and dextrose. Some consumers might not like the idea of corn-derived sugar and added flavor, but compared to other options on the market, we considered it a fair trade for a stronger dose of zinc. For instance, Zicam is another super popular zinc supplement in lozenge form but has some controversial food coloring, plus corn syrup, sucralose, and sucrose. (I also looked at Nature's Way, which looked quite promising, but the ingredient list included sorbitol and mannitol, sugar alcohols (polyols) that may cause digestive distress).
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Inflammation reducer
Pure Encapsulations Quercetin
Pros: Hypoallergenic, multifunctional; symptom reliever, can be used as a preventative during flu season
Cons: Expensive, lack of substantial clinical evidence as of now
Quercetin is a flavonoid found in fruit and vegetables (even wine) that has been studied more recently for its potential medical benefits, specifically on inflammation. When it comes to colds and the flu, inflammation is the immune system's way of fighting off viral pathogens — but it's also the culprit behind aches, pains, congestion, and more.
Quercetin has the potential to modulate cytokines (a small protein that helps cells communicate), so it's become a hot topic in COVID conversations (you may have heard the term "cytokine storm" in articles about COVID-19, and how it contributes to mortality). There is still a need for clinical trials on quercetin to test the bonafide efficacy within a medical context, and some are already in progress thanks to its promising anti-inflammatory, immunity-strengthening properties.
"Quercetin is powerful yet often unknown," McBride said. She explained that she began prescribing it preventatively as an antihistamine during seasonal shifts, and then with current research showing quercetin's potential ability to fight the influenza virus mid-infection, McBride now recommends it as an anti-cough, cold-and-flu treatment.
She likens it to taking a non-drowsy Benadryl combined with ibuprofen — part antihistamine, part anti-pain, part anti-inflammatory. When it comes to a cold or the flu, this means fewer aches, pain, inflammation, and congestion.
"Keep in mind, high doses of over 1,000 mg a day are not recommended unless under the care of a healthcare professional," McBride added. Instead, you'll want to stay at a 250 to 500mg dosage.
Her top recommendation for this supplement comes from Pure Encapsulations. This particular 250mg capsule is hypoallergenic — no additives, flavorings, sweeteners, colors or dyes. It's a non-GMO, vegan, gluten-free, and sugar-free supplement to both boost your immune system, reduce inflammation and pain, and relieve symptoms.
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Multi-symptom relief
Fresh ginger tea
Pros: inexpensive, effective, tasty, multiple benefits
Cons: None unless you don't like ginger
Ginger tea has been used for centuries, and for good reason — it's a tasty, multifaceted, multi-symptom reliever that typically has few side effects.
This ancient home-remedy is high on Dr. Firouzi's must-use list. "In Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine, there is a concept of 'opposing qualities' — hot and cold, dry and moist, [and so on]. This paradigm structures our approach to treating many conditions," he explained.
This is where ginger tea comes in — he noted that green and black tea do not have the same properties nor effects. The ayurvedic lens on the common cold is that the body has "excess cold and moisture in the respiratory system." From there, he said, "The obvious remedy would then be to warm and dry out that area."
Dr. Firouzi also explains that from this perspective, "ginger reduces the Kapha dosha in the Pranavaha Srotas, according to Ayurveda. In other words, it can help clear phlegm in the sinuses and lungs."
But making tea with fresh ginger is more ideal than a dried tea bag. A 2013 study from Taiwan researchers found that fresh, but not dried, ginger is effective for treating respiratory disease. "In certain situations, the fresh herbs have certain compounds that are more intact than the dried herbs, such as volatile oils," Dr. Firouzi says. "This may be one of many factors contributing to the variable effects of fresh versus dried ginger. For ginger tea, fresh ginger is most helpful for upper respiratory infections and flu — however, for nausea, there is research supporting the use of dry ginger."
Peel and slice half an inch to an inch of fresh ginger and add it to soft boiling water for 10 minutes. Strain out the ginger (you can also put the sliced herb in a tea infuser to skip the need for straining). Add healing honey if you want it a little sweeter.
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Immune support is important
In general, all doctors and medical professionals say it's important to focus on supporting your immune system — particularly in natural ways — to ensure you're staying healthy all season long, especially with COVID-19 cases surging.
That's because research shows a stronger immune system lowers your chances of coming down with a cold or flu.
Dr. Firouzi practices not just modern Western medicine (think: modern medicine, pharmacological interventions) but also the ancient Indian holistic branch of medicine called Ayurveda. This was created thousands of years ago, centered on a preventative approach to health and wellness that balances the mind, body, and spirit to minimize the need for treatment down the line.
"We are often searching for something to take for our specific health issues; fundamentally, though, from the Ayurvedic standpoint, is the need to prevent the infection (or at least reduce the severity of its impact), which can in part be achieved through the strengthening of our immune system," he said.
Megen McBride echoed this, emphasizing that preparation is paramount for preventing illness in times of high contagion (i.e., cold and flu season, or, you know, during a pandemic).
There are a number of natural ways to balance your immune system both preventatively and once a virus has taken hold. Dr. Firouzi's Ayurvedic recommendations are lifestyle-based and include sleep, meditation, yoga, and a healthy diet (the basics you hear from many a medical practitioner that always bears repeating). These "can improve the immune system's response [to pathogens like viruses and bacteria]," he said.
If you do get sick despite taking all the right precautions, it's still important to fortify your immune system. "Boosting our immune system [can help] to fight invaders and get them subdued and out of the body," McBride added.
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© FSAStore.com; Gilbert Espinoza/Business Insider FSAStore.com; Gilbert Espinoza/Business Insider As the year comes to a close, the deadline to use any remaining money in your FSA account, January 1, rapidly approaches. Since most FSA accounts abide by a "use it or lose it" rule, many workers face forfeiture of some of their pre-taxed contributions.
In fact, Money estimates that the total amount of forfeited FSA money totals around $1.4 billion and that roughly 4 in 10 workers will have some amount of unspent money in their account by the end of the year.
To be clear, contributing to an FSA account can be beneficial to many since it allows you to set aside certain amounts of pre-taxed money. However, failing to use that money negates your savings. For instance, if you put away $1,000 during the year, and you pay 35% in taxes, you'll save $350.
Plus, any forfeited money is distributed back to your employer, so it's well worth using your FSA funds before losing them on January 1.
If you're facing possible forfeiture, don't fret, there's still time to put that money to use. You can use FSA money on typical medical expenses like prescriptions or over-the-counter drugs, as well as on deductibles, copays, and other costs that aren't covered by your insurance plan.
There are some exceptions, however: Depending on your employer, some FSA plans allow you to carry over up to $610 from one year to the next. Other plans provide a grace period of up to 2 and a half months, making the actual effective spending deadline March 15th.
Quick tip: Check with your workplace's benefits coordinator to find out if either provision applies to you, and to clarify any other important details regarding your specific plan.
One of the best resources for using FSA money is FSAstore.com, which offers plenty of items guaranteed to be FSA-eligible (and if your insurance does deny a claim, you can request a refund for the item in question).
For some inspiration, we've compiled a list of a few helpful recommendations for how to spend your FSA money before the new year begins.
Designer glasses and prescription sunnies
Popular retailers like Warby Parker, Zenni, and LensCrafters, among others, accept FSA money, so eyewear like glasses or contacts is an easy way to use up leftover money.
Grab some practical prescription sunglasses for driving, or, if you have the funds, go all out on a premium new pair of Prada frames.
Sexual health and family planning
Procedures like vasectomies, abortions, and even fertility treatments like IVF are considered medical expenses by the IRS, meaning you may be able to put FSA funds toward them.
If you don't already have an appointment scheduled before the end of December, though, you can also use your FSA money to buy sexual health-related items like condoms, pregnancy tests, breast pumps and other nursing supplies, and fertility trackers.
Prescription and OTC drugs
You probably already know you can use your FSA to cover whatever portion of prescription drug costs your insurance won't. You may not have realized, though, that you can also use it to cover over-the-counter medications like Benadryl, Pepto Bismol, Advil, Neosporin, and even some vitamins and supplements.
You used to need a prescription for OTC meds in order for them to be FSA-eligible, but that changed with the CARES Act passed in 2020. Now's a good chance to restock your medicine cabinet for the year ahead.
SPF and skincare
Healthy skin is as much a medical concern as a cosmetic one. FSA money can be used on skincare basics like salicylic acid cleansers and antibiotic ointments but also on more surprising skin-related items.
Suncare products, including cult favorites like Mighty Patch and those by luxury brands like Supergoop! and LaRoche-Posay, are covered, as are big-ticket items like light therapy treatment kits for acne. Even extras like tinted SPF lip balms and vitamin C serums are eligible.
Massage and relaxation tools
Depending on what conditions you've been diagnosed with, you may be able to pay for massage therapy with your FSA if your doctor writes you a letter of medical necessity.
But in a pinch, there are all kinds of pain relief and relaxation devices that are FSA-eligible, no doctor's note required. That includes massage balls, foam rollers, heating pads, and even sleep masks.
Massage guns are also covered under some FSA plans but be sure to check before dropping a few hundred dollars on something like a Theragun.
There are a ton of other kinds of products that are FSA-eligible, from respirator masks to podiatry gadgets. Do some research to find out what your specific plan covers and then spend away. Remember, the money in your FSA comes out of your hard-earned wages – don't let it disappear on New Year's Day.
Insider's takeaway
If you have any FSA money in your account, and it's ineligible to be rolled over, it's important you use it before the first of the year to avoid forfeiting it altogether.
FSA money can be used on a surprisingly vast variety of things like prescriptions, OTC drugs, contact lenses, and skincare items, among a ton of other useful products.
Check with your employer about the specific rules around your FSA account, including how much money may roll over from year to year and whether it offers a grace period into next year or not.
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